Summary and critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and critical analysis - Essay Example Experience significantly shapes expert progress. It adds to professional and educational qualifications to improve the abilities of the designer with time. Experience is attained through practical performance such as during internships. Internships offer chances for designers to carry out project work. If a student shows excellent ability during internships, employment can be secured from it. Education qualifications are tested through actual work and familiarity. Once education and experience required are obtained, a designer becomes eligible to sit examinations to certify that the minimum competencies to be a member of the profession have been met. Such exams are administered by selected bodies such as the NCDI. Passing the examination entitles one to be licensed to practice and issued with a practicing certificate. From then, an individual can continue professional advancement by joining relevant professional bodies such as the American Association of Interior Designers and the International Interior Design Association. Members enjoy benefits such as sharing of knowledge, prestige, and advocating for rights of designers. Finally, a designer can engage in social responsibility to give back to the profession and the society in contribution to professional development. It can be done in various ways such as training interns and participating in design competitions among other voluntary

Growing Acme Fireworks Essay Example for Free

Growing Acme Fireworks Essay There is much to consider when expanding a business. How will you make, market, and distribute your product. Are you willing to take full liability for your product and understanding the legalities of what happens if your product is defective? Once that has been established, it’s important to make sure that your business dealings are in order. The strength of the contract and what all it entails. Knowing that the legal document is important more so when things tend to go downhill. Above all is deciding which type of business entity the company will select especially if the company starts out small and looks to expand. Which entity will best serve the growth of the company such as Acme Fireworks? Some years ago I watched a movie called fight club. The movie dealt with a ton of social issues. One of the characters worked for a car company that would fly out their employers out to the areas where there were car accidents. They worked almost as an insurance adjuster that would come and appraise a vehicle once it has been in a wreck and determine, based on the damages how much they would award the car owner. However in the case here the employees would view accidents all over the country and decide if it would cost more to recall the product or pay the total fee for the said accident. If the cost was too much to do a recall then the company would take responsibility for the accident if a law suit is brought forth, however if it is cheaper to recall then the necessary actions would be taken to recall the malfunctioned part. Knowing this it is important that we label the products and its proper uses so if there is an issue then it can be said that the manufacture warned the consumer. In this way, any injury would not be the fault of Acme Fireworks, but the consumer. Just as the example with the cars above, if someone lights a firecracker in a closet and the firecracker goes off and injures the person then the company is not liable being that it is neglect  on the part of the consumer (Rogers, 2012). Now if the same individual uses the firework outside in an open area as is stated on the label and they light the firecracker and it goes off in their hand as soon as the fuse is lit, then that is negligence on behalf of Acme. It must be understood that regardless of the product used, all products have the potential to cause consumer harm (Anthony, 1995). So that is why it is important to make sure everything from the development of the fireworks to the warning labels have been gone over to make sure that the product is not faulty. If a fuse is too short in a product or if the material used to cause the firecracker to explode is too much then that is a defectively manufactured product. Another issue could also be the type of firework that is made. Let’s say for instance that one of the products has the tendency to go off in extreme temperatures and is purchased and placed in areas of storage when the temperatures extreme then that is negligence on the consumer, however if the consumer was not made aware of this by the manufacture then the liability falls to the company. I recall about three years ago when I was in a car accident. Our brakes that we had from the car company had been recalled. We were sent notices in the mail, phone, and email about the recall and were told to bring our vehicle in to make sure the brakes were not faulty and if they were they could be fixed free of charge. The deadline came and went a after it expired I was in a car wreck. I was making a turn in the rain and slammed my brakes and they were locked. I had the repair work done on the vehicle and was told that the brakes were faulty. I informed the dealership of the issue and was told that the company was no longer liable because the deadline had passed. I was outraged and wanted to file a lawsuit against the company, however there are deadlines and limitations to when a suit can be filed and in the state of Georgia, you have up to a year to file such claim. I missed it by 3 months and was unable to file suit against the manufacturer (Day, 2014). Another import issues are the contracts. There are 5 basic elements to a contract: Offer, acceptance, Consideration, Legality and Capacity (Rogers, 2012). Other retailers stated to the owner of Acme Fireworks that they wanted a certain amount of orders filled on a regular bases for an undisclosed time frame and a price was agreed upon, this is the acceptance and offer portion of the contract. The offeror, which in this case are the large retailers, makes an offer which once accepted by  Acme Fireworks, creates a binding contract. Acceptance must be in some way agreed b y all participants; it may be verbal, symbolical, oral or written. The came from the retailers, they had a want from Acme to manufacture a product for them at a certain cost (Stim, 2010). Consideration is another element of a contract and what consideration brings to the table ask the whys and what’s: Why are we entering the contract and are you receiving? In this case Acme gets more money by being able to produce its products and grow their brand and the other retailers receive fireworks from Acme. However in this instance the owner of Acme may have taken on a task bigger than himself. This is a company with only 15 workers and to fill the orders with the new retailers, more employees need to be hired. Not only do they need to be hired, but they need to be trained as well. This must be done while filling out the orders. Here there is not much consideration given by the owner. How many employees do we need, how much will the work flow increase, and how long will we have a contract with the other retailers. No time period was given for the contract. Will this just be one order or is this something that will go on annually. What happen if the orders are not filled on a timely manner is the contract then void? Another question to ask is the capacity and legality of a contract. Capacity to contract means the legal competence of a person to enter into a valid contract. Usually the capacity to contract refers to the capacity to enter into a legal agreement and the competence to perfor m some act. The basic element to enter into a valid contract is that s/he much has a sound mind. Recently there was an issue with an owner of the L.A. Clippers making comments about minorities. The group of owners in the league wanted him to sell his team. He didn’t want to sell and wanted to fight it, however it came out that he does not have the mental faculties to run the organization or make business decision so that responsibility was given to his wife. It came out that he has dementia, but he is fighting this claim as well. Once it is established if he can mentally make these decisions then the wife will not be able to go into discussions to purchase the franchise legally. Acme has 15 full time employees as it stands now. This is without the orders for the new retailers. What we know is that the owner guaranteed that we can take on more business, not considering the staff that we currently have. For the orders to be filled we would have to take on more labor force. Before this  can be done we have to first consider what we have now. We currently have 15 people employed by Acme, to fill the new orders; do we take on double or triple the size? If we do take on more people, would it be something on permanent or temporary ba ses? Employment is very important when business is involved. There are many things to consider when a workforce is involved. When it comes with dealing with explosives it is important that we consider finding individuals who have experience with working with explosives and are well trained as well. This will cost more money for the company when it comes to hiring individuals that are trained to handle explosives. So these can’t be regular workers that one can find at a temp agency. However, we do not know how long to hire these individuals because there is no clarity as to the length of the contract, so the types of workers that we would have to hire would have to come through labor force agencies (Smith, V., Neuwirth, E.B., 2009). The great thing about a temp agency is the large pool of people that they have to choose from. There are times when many corporations view temp agency workers as people who are unskilled, however with the types of agencies that are around today, they can find highly skilled individuals that many companies wo uld be hard pressed to do, being that they would have to exhaust many resources to do so. It has to be understood that this business started out of a garage a couple years ago and is now grown into a company that employees 15 people on staff. Now with the new revenue that will come into the company, Acme Fireworks will have to expand. Acme is a sole proprietorship owned by one individual. This is the simplest organization structure to have. There is less paperwork as well as the tax implications. If there is a loss for that year you can use this loss to offset your other income on your personal return (Fishman, 2014). Though operating as a sole proprietorship is easier, it can also have some setbacks as well. The main problem is that there’s no separation between the individual and the business with the sole proprietorship. That means that if something should happen in the business, like taking on huge contracts with no clear time line and limited planning and staff, you’d be personally liable. For example, if Acme Fireworks business is ever sued or runs int o financial trouble, the owner would be personally on the hook and creditors and lawsuits can come after your  personal assets. That is an issue because if the company profits go to offset the debt, there is little to no money to run the company properly, expand, or take care of the employees. This is just one of the many things to consider when changing your business entity as well as deciding on what is best for the company as a whole. Acme Fireworks started out of a garage, like most businesses it is difficult to raise capital or arranging long term financing because of fewer assets. Also there is one voice and one view which can scare big business opportunities away. This is why a Sole Proprietorship for the future of Acme Fireworks would not be feasible. Being in this type of entity makes it hard to expand. To grow and expand a company needs a formal business structure. So the choice is which entity to choose? With such an undertaking in such a short time, the risk would cause a sole owner to want to form an LLC or incorporate his or her business. In the case of Acme Fireworks, it would be best to change the business entity to a corporation. With the promise of product to these new large retailers, Acme Fireworks would need more capital to grow the business as well as purchase the necessary material to make sure the new orders are able to fill as well as fulfilling previous obligations to the other retailers that we have business with. Choosing this entity protects the owner from legal liability, gives the ability to attract more investors through stocks, and has more structure where there is not just one voice for the business. The juxtaposition to this is the tax liability and the time and how much it cost to incorporate, unlike a sole proprietorship, incorporating a business takes much more paperwork, as well as fee’s that need to be paid to the state the business is in. One of the silver linings for the employees is that even if something happens to the owner, or if he or she retires, the corporation will still be i n tact unlike sole proprietorships. There are many things to consider when it comes to running a company, expanding it, and watching it flourish. There are many businesses that started out in a small garage, Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, even men like John D. Rockefeller. However, growth cannot take place without determination and risk. The best way to make sure that your ready to expand is to be sure where you want to take the company and have a sound plan as to the steps one will take to get there. Once you have a vision and financial backing the  next step is to decide which type of business entity you want to be. There are many entities to choose from and no one is greater than the next. It’s all about how you want to mold and model your business. Reference: Anthony, S. (1995). Warning: marketers must do better with product warnings. Marketing News, (13). 4. DAY, J. A. (2014). Protecting Yourself from Statutes of Repose. Tennessee Bar Journal, 50(1), 33-34. Fishman, S. (2014). CHAPTER 2: Choosing the Legal Form for Your Business. In , Working for Yourself (pp. 15-54). Nolo. Smith, V., Neuwirth, E. B. (2009). Temporary Help Agencies and the Making of a New Employment Practice. Academy Of Management Perspectives, 23(1), 56-72. doi:10.5465/AMP.2009.37008003

Swot And Pest Analysis Of Easyjet Tourism Essay

Swot And Pest Analysis Of Easyjet Tourism Essay In this chapter, I will present position and analysis the current position using both of used SWOT and PEST model. EasyJet seems like very good situation and more expertise will predict have great opportunities for the low cost strategy. Resultingly the saturated market and lack of other choice in the British, competition is likely aggravated ineluctability followed by acquisition and coalition, an early sign of which is EasyJets purchase of British Airline subsidiary GO. In UK airline market, gave very less growth opportunities, therefore focus will be on the other continental market. Next step forward in this direction is a new base going Dutch, Berlin, with flights from 11 European cities, and as well on Eastern Europe. Price strategy was also the focus point, its expansion their route network. At last, promotion also needs to convince people that it is safe to fly and constitute EasyJet as Euro largest low fare airline. 3.1 SWOT analysis 3.1.1 Strengths: EasyJet was used the bright orange as Pantone 021C, used by no other airline at the time or since. It have a successful financially which they cut out all meals and snacks on travel tour, can reduced the cost of operation. Have more flexible organisation and being seen as an innovative. The airline opened a telephone reservation centre is a strong e-business on 1995. EasyJet is also was a part of the consortium and have awarded by UK air traffic control system National Air Traffic Services (NATS). The brand name EasyJet has all the qualities required for long term memory storage and will not be easy to forget. The airline flies to main destination airports throughout Europe making it very attractive to business travellers. It gains efficiencies compared to traditional carries with rapid turnaround times, and progressive landing charge agreements with airports, maximizing asset utilization. Single model of aircraft reduced training, maintenance and supervisory costs. At last, EasyJet has been wisely investing in strong brand build measured like advertising and television shows ensured high brand recall. 3.1.2 Weaknesses Below have some weaknesses for EasyJet organisation. It continued sustenance of cost leadership can be difficult in a dynamic market. The two drivers of growth, the focus on price and the focus on convenience seem to be reached their natural limits and differentiation from there could become difficult. The airline does not own the EasyJet brand, its owned by Sir Stelios and as a result, does not have control on its performance of other products and services used the same name. It also loss of usage in future could adversely affect its own market performance. On the other hand, the business model can over time become blurred under competitive pressure and consolidation of the Low Cost Carries (LCC) industry. The airline must be continuously innovative to maintain its current advantage in e-tailing. Increased fleet capacity could be difficult to fill during lean periods and in the face of growing competition in a matured market. 3.1.3 Opportunities Recent expansion of the EU has resulted in open of new markets for the LCCs. Their low fares will increase movement of job seekers across boarders and also promote the tourism industry, lead to economic growth. Consolidation could help EasyJet to a certain degree offset the pressure on its costs and fares. Otherwise, vertical and horizontal expansion could be an important option for EasyJet for growth in mature markets and offset any future threat of increased in service provider costs. Withdrawal of traditional airlines from less traffic-intense routes could be an opportunity for expanded. EasyJet does not seem to have any flights to Scandinavian capitals like Stockholm and Helsiki where immigrant flow was on the rise. 3.1.4 Threats The threats of EasyJet had some factors. Terrorism and catastrophic loss can result in lesser air travel and loss of infrastructural support, war threats and outbreak of epidemics or pandemics could increase apprehensions about air travel. Technology advancement in the conduct of business meetings like video conferencing can be detrimental to short distance flights and impending increased in environmental taxes could increase costs. In addition, limited or no slot availability could be hurdle in future expansion plans and due to its limited fuel hedging policy, EasyJet is more vulnerable to fuel price fluctuations increased by variability in its costs. Currency fluctuations is also the factor of threats, it will affect especially the US dollar denominated costs like aircraft purchase, aircraft financing costs, maintenance reserve payments, fuel purchase etc.. Excess capacity and cost cutting tactics by competitors can affect passenger traffic on popular routes. Imitation of some main no-frills features by traditional airlines on same routes can confuse and blur the distinctive image of any LCC. Additional, traditional players can partly switch over or start their own baby low cost airline. Last, dependence on third party service providers could cause problems when any of these contracts are not renewed or negotiation of suitable replacement does not take place or if higher rates are charged. 3.2 PEST analysis The following factors are likely to have an influence on the EasyJet. 3.2.1 Political Factors In 1990 the European deregulation of commercial aviation coincided with the expansion of the low cost airline industry. The LCC in the industry were able to take advantage of the relaxed laws and expand their operations. On the other hand, threat of war in the East Euro and EU east enlargement may provide access to viable the new markets were also the political factors of EasyJet. 3.2.2 Economical Factors Mercer Management Consulting (2002) reported that the low cost airline market conforms to the criteria of three components. Firstly, it provides a simple product consisting of no seat reservation, free seating, and adequate in flight service. They are a genuine no frills airline with a simple product offered to the market. Webster (2004) noted EasyJets ability to maintain a high degree of customer focus through a new, user friendly website with an improved booking process. Figure : Source Impact of Low Cost Airline Mercer Management Consultancy 2002 Secondly, it is apparent that the low cost airline market is characterised by: mergers and acquisitions; the expansion of existing low cost airlines and finally, market exits as a result of bankruptcy e.g. Debonair. Furthermore, the low cost carriers operate short haul, point to point traffic with short frequencies, pursue aggressive marketing campaigns and deal with secondary airports. EasyJet, however, has differentiated in this respect by dealing with major hub airports e.g. Gatwick. Finally, the industry operates a low cost ethos, which is maintained by lean sales, high productivity of resources, low maintenance costs and low wages. 3.3.3 Social Factors The low cost carriers position their product to leisure travellers and non business travellers, however EasyJet has differentiated by targeting the business and leisure segments. This behavioural segmentation creates a more dynamic edge in comparison to their competitors who solely focus on leisure travel. Thus, EasyJet must ensure that its strategy is tailored to a wider market. Walton (2005) confirmed that EasyJet was presented as a European low cost airline with a current reading of 26 million passengers in 14 key countries. It has 190 routes to 58 airports and 163 million people live within one hour of EasyJets airports. Figure Low Cost Airlines Gaining Momentum in Europe Schneiderbauer, D. Fainsilber, O. (2000) 3.2.4 Technological Factors Low cost carriers have the ability to maintain a high degree of customer focus through user-friendly websites with improved booking processes. These websites have the capability of charging bookings with greater ease and utilising an easy to use fare finder to obtain the cheapest fares. Selling tickets via the technological medium of websites and hence by having no travel agents, they avoid paying agency commissions.

Humors Place in the 20th Century Novel Essay -- Literature Literary E

Humor's Place in the 20th Century Novel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her essay, â€Å"The Beautiful and Sublime Revisited,† Iris Murdoch says: The modern novel, the serious novel, does tend toward either two extremes: either it is a tight metaphysical object, which wishes it were a poem, and which attempts to convey, often in mythical form, some central truth about the human condition or else it is a loose journalistic epic, documentary or possibly even didactic in inspiration, offering a commentary on current institutions or on some matter out of history (264). Murdoch’s words do hold some truth in them. Certainly, her words can be applied to many of the most well-known modern novels from James Joyce’s Ulysses to Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. However, her descriptions can just as easily be applied to the post modern novel. Though seriousness has generally been associated with modern literature, it is an aspect of post modern literature, as well. However, unlike most works of modern literature, the post modern novel does not focus solely on this seriousness, or on passing along a message of some sort. Rather, it strikes a delicate balance between humor and seriousness; between laughter and conveying â€Å"some central truth about the human condition† or â€Å"offering a commentary on†¦some matter out of history.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I elaborate further, perhaps it is necessary to make a distinction between the terms â€Å"modern† and â€Å"post modern† as they will be used in this study. In the most general sense of the word, â€Å"modern† refers to those writings published before and during World War II, while â€Å"post modern† refers to the works that came after this time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that this distinction has been made, the issue of humor in modern and post modern l... ...h serious subjects, it also isn’t accurate to say that there is no humor in modern literature. Many modern novels have humor in them. Ulysses is a good example of such a modern novel. However, in general, humor seems to be more prevalent in post modern literature. Works Cited Bolger, Dermot. A Second Life. Penguin Books: London, 1994. Forster, E.M. A Passage to India. Harcourt: San Diego, 1924. Ishiguro, Kazuo. The Remains of the Day. Vintage International: New York, 1988. Joyce, James. Ulysses. Vintage International: New York, 1934. Lawrence, D.H. Women in Love. Penguin Books: London, 1920 Murdoch, Iris. "The Sublime and Beautiful Revisited." The Yale Review, pp.247-271. 1959. ---. Under the Net. Penguin Books: London, 1954. Rauk, John. "Societal Reception of Tolkien and Other Modern Writers." Michigan State U., East Lansing, MI. 28 Apr. 2004. Humor's Place in the 20th Century Novel Essay -- Literature Literary E Humor's Place in the 20th Century Novel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her essay, â€Å"The Beautiful and Sublime Revisited,† Iris Murdoch says: The modern novel, the serious novel, does tend toward either two extremes: either it is a tight metaphysical object, which wishes it were a poem, and which attempts to convey, often in mythical form, some central truth about the human condition or else it is a loose journalistic epic, documentary or possibly even didactic in inspiration, offering a commentary on current institutions or on some matter out of history (264). Murdoch’s words do hold some truth in them. Certainly, her words can be applied to many of the most well-known modern novels from James Joyce’s Ulysses to Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. However, her descriptions can just as easily be applied to the post modern novel. Though seriousness has generally been associated with modern literature, it is an aspect of post modern literature, as well. However, unlike most works of modern literature, the post modern novel does not focus solely on this seriousness, or on passing along a message of some sort. Rather, it strikes a delicate balance between humor and seriousness; between laughter and conveying â€Å"some central truth about the human condition† or â€Å"offering a commentary on†¦some matter out of history.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I elaborate further, perhaps it is necessary to make a distinction between the terms â€Å"modern† and â€Å"post modern† as they will be used in this study. In the most general sense of the word, â€Å"modern† refers to those writings published before and during World War II, while â€Å"post modern† refers to the works that came after this time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now that this distinction has been made, the issue of humor in modern and post modern l... ...h serious subjects, it also isn’t accurate to say that there is no humor in modern literature. Many modern novels have humor in them. Ulysses is a good example of such a modern novel. However, in general, humor seems to be more prevalent in post modern literature. Works Cited Bolger, Dermot. A Second Life. Penguin Books: London, 1994. Forster, E.M. A Passage to India. Harcourt: San Diego, 1924. Ishiguro, Kazuo. The Remains of the Day. Vintage International: New York, 1988. Joyce, James. Ulysses. Vintage International: New York, 1934. Lawrence, D.H. Women in Love. Penguin Books: London, 1920 Murdoch, Iris. "The Sublime and Beautiful Revisited." The Yale Review, pp.247-271. 1959. ---. Under the Net. Penguin Books: London, 1954. Rauk, John. "Societal Reception of Tolkien and Other Modern Writers." Michigan State U., East Lansing, MI. 28 Apr. 2004.

James Cook

James Cook Essay Alice Holder James Cook Essay Alice Holder In 1788, the Europeans invaded Australia after the First Fleet of British ships landed in Botany Bay on the 18th of January, but then docked in Port Jackson, which we know as Sydney, New South Wales. At the time, there were Over 750000 Aboriginal people in Australia. Lieutenant James Cook had declared Australia to be terra nullius (no one’s land) in 1770 after which the colonists agreed together that they could make the land their own. Cook believed that the Aboriginals lived well.They had everything they needed in that time, and were in his view to be healthier and happier than most Europeans. Cook’s opinion can be considered valid because in 1788 the indigenous people had very complex social structures, and communication was a strong part of their lives. There were various different tribes or group gatherings around this period of time, and the Aboriginals loved to get together to talk and see each other, whe ther they were talking about their day, their problems, or anything. They had many different groups of people to talk to, or refer back to, and most of these relationships were fairly strong.A few of these groups were kinships, religious groups, nations, and moiety and physical structures. Family is a very strong aspect in the aboriginal culture. Most of the time they had extended families and the eldest few in the family took on major roles in looking after the family and helping out. Communication and gatherings were taken for granted in the families, except the mother-in-law rule, which is when you cannot speak directly to your mother in law. This rule applies to both men and women, and if communication was necessary, then they would talk via third person, but never make one on one communication with the person.This is an example of Cook believing that the aboriginals were rich in friendship, family and communication, because they had so many different tribes to refer back to, an d are great at communication and getting involved with other people and groups. In this time of life, there wasn’t the local shop to go and buy your food and basic needs. There wasn’t a dance school nearby to learn the latest moves. There wasn’t spearing classes to learn how to fight for your food, everyone had to learn everything by themselves, or learn off each other.The Aboriginal culture was very fortunate in having the skill to get what they want, wether that was fighting for food, making weapons, etc. They kept warm by sleeping or just sitting in between two small fires, and they also had dingos, which is a camping dog which they slept next to keep warm. They developed spearing skills because that was the only way they could get food to live off. They were never sick and just seemed to make the most of what they had, and never had bad thoughts about what they had, because they knew they had the best, and all they needed to survive; and they were wealthier than the average European.In summary, Cook’s view that aboriginals were not savages is most certainly correct. They had everything they needed to live a long and happy life compared to the Europeans. Many people did not believe this, and had a clear stereotype of the Aboriginal culture in their head, but this was wrong. Traditional Life, Housing, (date unknown), Aboriginal Culture, [web page], <http://www. aboriginalculture. com. au/housing. shtml>, [accessed 8th May 2012]

Introduction to Your Thesis or Dissertation

Introduction to Your Thesis or Dissertation Introduction As you are working on the introduction, make sure it contains some mandatory components. Set the scene: You must introduce the general topic of your research, your research problem, and its relevance to the reader. Research background: Here you will incorporate the findings of the most significant studies that relate to your problem or topic. Gap in research. Here you will indicate where you see the gap in empirical or theoretical literature. This way you will be able to justify the importance of your study. Study purpose: Outline the purpose and goals of your study. You may want to include the questions or hypotheses you are going to test. It is possible that your research questions will be based on external references. Outline the key components of your study. You can use one or several phrases included below to make your introduction more colorful. Setting the Scene: Researchers are increasingly interested in X. The past years saw a surge in interest toward X. The growing body of literature suggests that researchers are concerned about X. Numerous methods and designs were used to study X in the past twenty years. Researchers were excited about discovering X. Research background: Earlier studies have shown†¦ Previously, researchers suggested that†¦ A recent study confirmed that†¦ Gap in research: Just a few studies were completed to†¦ Unfortunately, earlier studies have failed to address†¦ The issue X remains mostly underexplored†¦ Study Purpose: The purpose of this work is†¦ This thesis is intended to clarify the following issues†¦ The aim of this dissertation is to†¦ Outline: The thesis includes the following sectionsChapter provides an overview of the methods used to test the proposed hypotheses Tip: As you are collecting evidence, it is never too late to make remarks and review the wording used by other researchers in their studies. Use the most interesting expressions to make your dissertation more interesting to your reader!

Cultural representation in the Media The WritePass Journal

Cultural representation in the Media Abstract Cultural representation in the Media ).   Utilizing this media access allows for a wide range of critical national and societal initiatives to be widely disseminated among the relevant populations. The mass media play an important role in mediating between politicians and the general  public (Venuti 2012)).   Ã‚  This point illustrates that a main channel for political information to reach the intended target is from a form of modern media.   The ability to read, view or listen to a report of the topic is commonly preferred to attending the actual event itself (Schaffner, 2008).   The ability to compact information in a manner that can be quickly and easily digested by the consumer is a demonstration of the innate value of any form of media. However, the quality of the media content varies due to the translator, producer and consumer expectations relevant to that particular outlet (Schaffner, 2008). Both culture and media thrive on an inclusive relationship with the population (Zlatar, 2003). The underlying value that exists in the media outlet lies in their ability to reach the populace.   The lack of a product that appeals to a large section of the target population lowers the value of the media outlet.   Due to the increased drive to integrate on a global level cultural values and differences are increasingly visible and have the potential to impact every aspect of any media operation (Zlater, 2003).   Language is the primary method that the media outlets reach their target audience, making the role of translator essential to their form of reporting (Zlater, 2003). News outlets and the process of interviewing people depend on the selection of translator and linguistic competence and preferences (Cecilia, 2009). When broadcasters speak foreign languages translation and interpretation are both crucial, and culturally influenced in the process of conveying the message (Zla ter, 2003). The responsibility for correct translation and dissemination is entirely dependent on the knowledge, ideology and integrity of the media outlet. The UK media outlet the Daily Telegraph and The Independent in 2004, have each provided two culturally varied translations of the same context. Varied approaches to the same account in the media are an illustration of cultural representation and societal values as understood by the individual organizations (Schaffner, 2008).   This is the very concept that creates the perception of differing media reports regarding the same series of events. Modern cultural representation in the Media â€Å"The media has, in fact, been called the fourth estate† (Schaffner and Bassnet, 2010).   The speed in which a message has the ability to reach as wide an audience as possible determines the values of the media outlet (Schffner and Bassnett, 2010). As the world wide culture has embraced innovation, technology has vastly increased the ability of the various forms of media to express their product. The accuracy and strategies of the translation are important in every case, whether it is in print, on screen or online with the media’s ideological and political leanings reflected in their product (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Yet, taking account the political background of the resource and the media itself, there are cultural factors behind the translation and dissemination of information (Bielsa, 2007).   While translation is nearly invisible in the media reports this does not mean there is cultural impartiality in the process of translation. Modern studies of media and their associated translation of material have grown significantly due to the role this mechanism serves in bridging gaps between cultures (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010).   Media enables communication across languages as well as the capacity to promote independent populations mutual understanding.   The relation between media and translation occurs in a wide range of contexts such as the press, TV or the internet (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Translation in every individual culture is a critical element in the media dissemination process that involves the direct interaction and understanding between cultures. News agencies commonly employ translation and select translators without knowing his or her ideological background (Magder, 2004). The quality of the translation in reporting news need to be taken into account by the news agency and the media due to the potential obstacles that can be created (Magder, 2004). Analysis: The media is argued to be viewed through a cultural perception (Bassnet, 2004). Each news item presented by the mass media, in any form, is only their unique representation and interpretation of the event, not necessarily the full or complete picture. Each person, reporter or journalist will experience the event in their own manner, producing their work according to their innate understanding (Bassnet, 2004). Utilizing the spoken word, literature and cultural instruments this unintentionally biased information is passed on to the consumer through the news outlet. The journalists and those who work to gather the information and eventually produce news are professional, yet, each person and organization is subject to their own ethical and value standards based on their cultural heritage (Bassnet, 2004).   A priority must be placed on clear translation in the production of international news. This is an indication of importance for not only the translation functions, but also transfer ring the news across linguistic and cultural boundaries (Bassnet, 2004). In order to assess this concept this study will take the two examples of the translated excerpt from the trial of the former dictator of the Iraqi regime, Saddam Hussein.   These passages have been translated, edited and then published in the Daily Telegraph as well as the Independent in 2004. Translation plays a fundamental role in the transfer of news around the world and at the same time different definitions of the translation are being used by both layperson and experts (Bassnet, 2004). This is a demonstration that items from one language cannot easily being replaced into another. The translator is transferring the meaning between languages, and cultural clarity is not always present as this process unfolds (Bassnet, 2004). The news reporter often includes non-practical parts or culturally biased elements of a story during the process of translation in order to meet the expectations of the consumers. The often varied and often diverse opinions present in the mass media indicat e a need for universal ethics standards. The first edited transcript of the first court of the dictator Saddam Hussein which is published in the Independent: The Independent, 2 July 2004: The judge opened proceedings by asking Saddam for his name. Saddam. Hussein Majid, the president of the Republic of Iraq. The judge then asks his date of birth. Saddam: 1937 Judge: Profession? Former president of the Republic of Iraq? Saddam: No, present. Current. It’s the will of the people. Judge: The head of the Baath party that is dissolved, defunct. Former commander and chief of the army.   Residence is Iraq. Your mother’s name? Saddam: Sobha, you also have to introduce yourself to me. Judge: Mr Saddam, I am the investigative judge of the central court of Iraq. Saddam: So that I have to know, you are investigative judge of the central court of Iraq? What resolution, what law formed this court? The judge’s response could not be heard. The Daily Telegraph, 2 July 2004: Judge: Are you the former president of Iraq? Saddam: I am Saddam Hussein, president of Iraq. Judge: (to court clerk): put down â€Å"former† in brackets. Saddam: I am the president of the republic so you should not stripe me of my title to put me on trial. Judge: You are the ex-leader of Iraq and the ex-leader of the dissolved armed forces. Were you the leader of the Ba’ath party and head of the armed forces? Saddam: Yes. I’ve introduced myself to you but you haven’t introduced yourself to me. So who are you. Judge: I am a judge of the criminal court of Iraq. Saddam: So you repress Iraqis under the orders of the coalition Do you represent the American coalition? Reading both edited transcriptions that had been published in in the competing British newspapers in 2004 prodcued several interesting questions. To what extent do these printed versions differ? What cultural factors play a role in this difference? Why are they different in terms of information and the structure of the question?   The first version, which is published in the Independent, says that the judge’s response could not be heard, while in the second version the judge is clearly heard giving instruction to the court clerk. This attention or lack of attention to detail is an indication of cultural awareness (Bassnet, 2004).   After the event was over, the translator’s text was compared to the official transcript which illustrated that information was missing and that this text did not contain every element of the conversation. Bassnett (2004) states that during the hearings and sessions the translators are busy producing their own versions. This is an indicati on that media outlets are heavily dependent on the transcripts of the translator.   This point of influence on the part of the translator is very important, as each cultural interpretation depends on the message (Bassnett 2004). Further in the event the judge asks for his mother’s name, but in the Daily Telegraph this point is not mentioned.   How far we should trust the translators and the subsequent reporting by the media? This process of questionable translation is common in a country similar to Iraq which contains different religions and political backgrounds (Bassnett 2004). The ability to find a quality person to fill the role of translator is difficult due to the cultural affiliation to inherent differences in the views of their associated political parties. Another notable difference between both versions, and cultural approaches, is that the person in the first version is a powerful judge that refers to Saddam’s role as a former chief of the army, while in the second version the same concept is approached as a form of a question.   This is a clear demonstration of cultural separation due to the interpretation of the event by the separate media outlets (Bassnett 2004). Each news agency has different policies, conventions and styles in their production of news which highlight these differences. Within every individual organization will be an understanding that is based on information passed between cultures (Bassnett, 2004). The cultural differences become more visible as we read, with more transcripts available in Appendix A. According to the Independent, Saddam refused to sign the documents and both he and the judge were quarrelling about that. The Daily Telegraph reported this same set fo occurences differently. This is direct cultural reflection of the mood the readers expected to see and the willingness of the outlet to accomodate this (Bassnett, 2004).   The Independent approached this in a more adversarial nature, while the Daily Telegraph sought to portray Saddam has more approachable. Moreover, Saddam’s remark in his final comment with the guards that was not recorded in the Independent version is a further indication of the cultural dissemination of information based on the demands of the readers (Bassnett, 2004). The remark in the Telegraph enabled a sense of pity to be communicated culturally, while the absence of this element in the Independent eliminated this. Discussion Despite the fact that we have two different English translations of a transcript in a court session that took place in Arabic, different edited and translation processes have taken place based on the cultural ideologies (Bassnett, 2004). The strategies of the translation that were used for the Independent are more likely to be culturally foreign to the UK as well as much more complex. Due to the nature of the associated readership, this outlet documents the many challenges that Saddam made to the judges, detailing the adversarial nature of the proceedings.   Conversely, the culture associated with the Daily Telegraph expects another variety of reporting, a kinder and wider approach to the story. The version of the same set of events in the Daily Telegraph is shorter and domesticated, a hallmark of the method in which the populace absorbs information (Bassnett, 2004). Saddam in this version does not appear as a former dictator but like a simple man who addresses the judge through his answers and attitudes. Saddam uses (would) which is a question word that often begins a lot of questions and ask for something.   This is a direct representation of the cultural influence present in the writing; the underlying effort is to portray Saddam as demonstrating a gentle quality in the courtroom by saying â€Å"I am not interfering with your responsibilities†. This is a form of outreach that is directly related to the cultural need to empathize with Saddam (Bassnett, 2004). The role played by the translation of material in international news provides the link between politics and the media in both cultures (Bassnett, 2004). The elements revealed by the media outlets will be utilized to galvanize the populace in one form or fashion, thereby driving the governmental approach. Media reports about political events are always forms of re-contextualisation, and any re-contextualisation involves transformation and translation (Schffner and Bassnett, 2010). Each of the separate cultures will have a unique interpretation of these elements. Cultural difference commonly occurs when a text is shifted for obscure political purposes or the translator attempts to skew the meaning in a way to serve the affiliated party. This form of cultural bias by the translator may have a great impact in the transfer of the meaning and the gist of the discourse and the message, thereby creating substantial obstacles (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Each of the media outlets as well as the underling cultures approaches the aspects of reporting and journalists’ ethics as an intensive research need (Schaffner and Bassnett. 2010). Subjectivity and loyalty to the source text and ethics has a direct impact on the quality of media products, yet the quantity of each component rests in the values of the culture. This fact reflects the desire for the news agency and media outlet   to maintain cultural and national credibility at every level (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010).   This is achieved through the accurate portrayal of world events through the lens of the associated cultural expectations. The international community depends on the media in terms of gaining information about the political state and cultural values and all socio-cultural norms (Schaffner and Bassnett, 2010). Yet, every story must be interpreted utilizing the known population variables that lie behind each writer. In countries where governments interfere with the freedom of the press and sometimes the lack of freedom of expression occur, the media cannot broadcast and work independently (Poyatos, 1997). The culture of a nation will be familiar with the limits, thereby creating an unspoken form of boundaries. This regulatory environment can become another impediment to the accuracy of the translation (Poyatos, 1997). As news about a country is published in various newspapers some adjustments and reshaping is done due to the oversight environment, culture and ideology. A possible solution for this condition would be to create an environment in which no government should intervene into the media affairs and media should be totally independent (Poyatos, 1997).  However, the values of the writers, publishers and readers will have to be taken in to continuous consideration. Public relations professionals help to shape news content in national and local news media, based on the values of the consumers (Fletcher 2006; Franklin 1997). Due to the changes in political situations and relations between countries the news content might not be addressed exactly in every case, as illustrated by the Telegraph and Independent study. This is a reflection of the cultural constraints that must be taken into account for each individual nation in order to continually meet each unique regional need (Franklin, 1997).   Freedom of the press does not mean the independence of any media channel; governments and the population are responsible for laying the foundation for a fruitful relationship between media the freedom of expression. In Conclusion Translation plays a fundamental role in the transfer of different types of news around the world. The veracity of the translation and truthfulness of the translator are matters of primary concern. The societal values and cultural differences of the authors, editors and organization are exposed with every article or broadcast. From the perspective of translation studies this lack of cohesiveness is an issue and has the potential to have substantial ramifications both politically and culturally. The relationship between culture and media is one of inclusion, very much related to each other. In addition, media confers the capacity to reach a large audience in a manner that is efficient and effective. Mass media has, and will continue to have an impact on every person in each nation in the form of Internet, printing papers, Televisions and radios. The information and news passing between different cultures via the media are reshaped, reinterpreted and then republished. Therefore, transforming media representations entails a new way of thinking about media practice. Media as a communication tool should be situated as institutions that allow for cultural development and the protection of cultural diversity. Further, mass media institutions need to be aware every aspect of the cultural contraints and expectations of the underlying society. Yet, in the end, as in all things, it lies with the reader, viewer or person subject to the media report to judge independantly the veracity of the opinion.   Rà ©fà ©rences Bassnett, S. (2004). â€Å"Trusting reporters†: What exactly did Saddam say? The Linguist, 43(6).176-178. Bielsa, E. (2007). â€Å"Translation in global news agencies†. Target 19(1). 135–155. Wadensjà ¶ , C ‎ (2009). â€Å"Clinton’s Laughter: On Translation and Communication in TV News†. CTIS Occasional papers (Maltby. Ed.) Vole 4 Fletcher, K. (2006). â€Å"A Fine Line between Journalism and PR in Media† Franklin, B. (1997). â€Å"Newszak and News Media†. London Magder, T. (2004). â€Å"Transnational media, intercultural trade and the idea of cultural diversity†. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 18 (3), 380–397. Poyatos, F. (1997).  Nonverbal communication and translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Schffner, C. (2008). ‘The Prime Minister said ’: Voices in translated political texts†. In: SYNAPS Fagsprà ¥k, Kommunikasjon, Kulturkunnskap 22/2008 (University Bergen), pp. 3-25. Schffner, C. and Bassnett, S. (2010). â€Å"Political Discourse, Media and Translation† Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Venuti, L. (2012).  The Translators Invisibility. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Zlatar, A. (2003). â€Å"The role of the media as an instrument of cultural policy, an inter-level facilitator and image promoter†: Amsterdam ECUMEST Association, Bucharest.

Assessment for Learning Essay Example

Assessment for Learning Essay Example Assessment for Learning Essay Assessment for Learning Essay Assessment for acquisition is the procedure of seeking and construing grounds for usage by scholars and their instructors to make up ones mind where the scholars are in their acquisition. where they need to travel and how best to acquire there . Assessment Reform Group. 2002 The instructor has ultimate duty for puting strategies of work for the category with clear aims ( Formative appraisal ) and composing terminal of term and terminal of twelvemonth studies pulling together the information gained through appraisal for larning. ( Summational Assessment ) The acquisition aims are delivered to the category by the instructor and it is the TA’s duty to be cognizant of: the acquisition aims. the individualized acquisition ends for single scholars. the success standard for the acquisition activities the appraisal chances and schemes relevant to their ain function in the acquisition activities While taking the kids through the strategy of work the TA will back up the kids by discoursing their single aims this can besides be done with groups of kids who are working at the same degree with the same acquisition results. This is done to look into that the kids understand what is expected of them. This needs to be reviewed throughout the lesson. It is the TA’s occupation to gait the session to the acquisition manner and ability of the kids. At the terminal of the session the TA needs to give positive. factual feedback to the kids and the instructor. This will include your observations on how the students responded and the schemes that were utile. The treatment between the instructor and the TA will enable farther aims to be set for the following lesson. Both the instructor and the TA are to the full involved in the appraisal of learner’ accomplishment with the TA to the full back uping the instructor. 1. 2 Summarise the difference between formative and summational appraisal. In 2004. at a conference of Assessors. Professor Paul Black pointed out An appraisal activity can assist larning if it provides information to be used as feedback. by instructors. and by their pupils. in measuring themselves and each other. to modify the instruction and acquisition activities in which they are engaged. Formative and Summative Assessment are the two chief signifiers of appraisal used by the instruction profession. Formative appraisal ( Assessment for Learning ) is the type of appraisal that takes topographic point twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours during lesson clip. It is the reviewing of advancement and apprehension of the student. against the learning aims set by the instructor. This can be done in a assortment of ways such as observation. unfastened inquiring of students. look intoing understanding and leting the kids to be involved in the reviewing procedure during and at the terminal of a lesson. It allows scholars to self-assess and self-evaluate their learning experience hopefully enabling them to go responsible scholars who understand what they have to better to let them to run into their ends. Formative Appraisal: occurs during the acquisition done with scholars processed focussed to better larning is personally referenced Summative Assessment ( Assessment of Learning ) is the drawing together of the larning results of trials at the terminal of a strategy of work. formative appraisal and professional opinions to supply an terminal of term study demoing what the students have achieved. it could besides take the signifier of a Key phase SATs. It is outcome focussed. occurs after the acquisition has been taught and is a manner of measurement and turn outing acquisition. Summational Appraisal: occurs after the acquisition done to scholars result focused to turn out acquisition externally referneced While the two signifiers of appraisal are wholly different the ensuing information from both types can be used to assist with puting larning aims. The two types of appraisal are non needfully to be used individually they should complement each other. as the usage of Afl can assist pupils execute better on summational appraisal undertakings and summational appraisal can reflect the impact of Afl. 1. 3 Explain the features of Assessment For Learning. Assessment for larning encourages the scholar to take duty for their ain acquisition and accomplishments. This is done by supplying them with the undermentioned information: Learning intentions A acquisition purpose is merely a description of what you want your students to cognize. understand or be able to make by the terminal of a lesson. It tells pupils what the focal point for acquisition is traveling to be. They can besides be call Learning Objectives . Learning Goals or Learning Aims Making certain that he pupils are cognizant of their learning purposes before the lesson begins in linguistic communication that the students will place with. focal points their attending to the acquisition and how to accomplish their purpose instead than the activity they are set abouting. This can assist maintain the student focused on undertaking for longer by increasing their motive. The students should be reminded of the acquisition purposes throughout the lesson. Success Criteria This shows the scholars what they need to accomplish to run into the Learning Intentions’ Success Criteria: are linked to the learning purpose ; are specific to an activity ; are discussed and agreed with students prior to set abouting the activity ; provide a scaffold and focal point for students while engaged in the activity ; and are used as the footing for feedback and peer-/self-assessment. Formative feedback About the quality of their work and what they can make to do it better ; Giving pupils’ feedback and leting them to feedback to the instructor how they feel their acquisition went. . Ambergate school on a regular basis asked the kids how they think they have done by giving a thumbs up . thumbs down or thumbs sideways to bespeak how the kids feel about what they have been taught. Sometimes the kids will be asked what they know of the topic about to be taught and to tag themselves out of 10s in their books. At the terminal of the lesson they so give themselves another grade out of 10 and compare how they have fared. Effective Questioning To make a schoolroom clime where students come up with their ain thoughts. believe aloud and research their apprehension. Questioning should take the signifier of open-ended inquiries to promote the kids seting their ain thoughts frontward without being led by an grownup. The grownup can so inquire the children’s equals what they think of another child’s thought to bring forth feedback. By and large in the lessons in Ambergate school the kids are reminded when working to inquire. who. what. when. why and how to guarantee they acquire sufficient feedback to enable them with the undertakings set. Peer and Self-Assessment and Evaluation. Peer and Self-Assessment enables scholars to recognize success in their ain and others’ work and to concentrate on how they are larning every bit good as what they are larning. Ambergate school on a regular basis asked the kids how they think they have done by giving a thumbs up . thumbs down or thumbs sideways to bespeak how the kids feel about what they have been taught. Sometimes the kids will be asked what they know of the topic about to be taught and to tag themselves out of 10s in their books. At the terminal of the lesson they so give themselves another grade out of 10 and compare how they have fared. To summarize Assessment for larning meets persons demands and maximises their full potency through continual monitoring. All staff are allowed to lend to future planning by feeding their findings back to the instructor. 1. 4 Explain the importance and benefit of appraisal for larning. Continuous assessment improves public presentation and behavior. allows students to work more independently and it besides improves motive and hazard pickings. By increasing two manner communications Assessment for Learning helps to beef up the instructor student dealingss. From the instructors point of position AFl improves be aftering and bringing of the lessons while making an chance to look into the quality of the lessons and amend activities to guarantee they run into the acquisition demands. For the kid it tells them where they are with their acquisition in each topic. gives them thoughts on how to foster accomplish to finally acquire success in the given end. Appraisal attacks need to advance scholar battle and guarantee appropriate support so that all scholars can accomplish their aspirational ends and maximize their possible. It has been proven that kids who do non experience portion of the scholar procedure rapidly lose involvement. Therefore. responses should be based on thoughtful inquiries. careful hearing and brooding responses and effectual feedback schemes. 1. 5 Explain how appraisal can lend to be aftering for future larning carried out by The Teacher Appraisal for Learning helps the instructor to do tenable opinions about pupil’s attainment while puting duty for pull offing larning on the kid. with the end of students being more actively involved with the acquisition procedure. As indicated above. the procedure involves explicating larning results to students. supplying them with feedback on their advancement and enabling them to develop their self-assessment accomplishments so that they are able to reflect on. and recognise. their ain accomplishments. Knowing exactly what the student understands A ; so traveling them on leads to effectual acquisition. The Learners The procedure will maintain the student informed of ongoing procedure. giving them an penetration into how they learn and which countries they need to better to accomplish the aims set. This helps to increase their assurance. motive and independency and besides how to recognize when they need to inquire for aid. The Learning Support Practitioner. Assessment for larning will supply you with information of how each kid learns and the cognition they already have. which will assist in how you farther inquiry the student. This can be tailored to accommodate the person pupils gait and ability to larn. In a recent Maths lesson on Division techniques. on sporadically look intoing the children’s understanding it became clear that they knew how to split utilizing the Chunking Method but the replies that some of the kids were acquiring were wrong. This caused the TA to look into their work and come to the decision that the children’s cognition in minus of 3 figure Numberss was allowing them down. On feeding back to the instructor she said she had noticed the same job with the group of kids that she was back uping. With this feedback. the TA and the Teacher implemented a refresher lesson on minus in the following Maths lesson to make full the spread in the children’s cognition and let the kids to travel frontward with their cognition and ultimate success with Division Techniques. Bibliography World Wide Web. instruction. gov. uk Assessment for Learning for KS1 and KS2 Northern Ireland Supporting Teaching and Learning L3 – Louise Burnham.

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Psychology - Essay Example Aggressive behavior takes up a violent pattern, where aggression becomes a part of the person’s conscious and subconscious behavior. From smaller issues to bigger issues, aggression becomes a normal act. The literal meaning of covert and overt is secretive and obvious, respectively. Hence, the meanings give an outlook about the terms. Covert behaviors are the one which can’t be easily determined by someone. Overt behaviors are traits that are easily recognizable by anyone observing the person. Cognitive behaviors include thoughts, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs. Much of this behavior is described as â€Å"self-talk,† the things that people say to themselves (or â€Å"think†) in response to antecedent and consequent stimuli (â€Å"Behavior Change in Human Services† Pg12). These can be secret actions carried out by a person as well, for example; stealing, lying, and deceiving. Overt responses are often loud and visible; some common examples are, screaming, yelling out in public and public displays of affection. 4. Sherry had throat surgery and could not talk for days. She worked with a speech therapist to increase her voice loudness. The therapist used an instrument to measure increases in the loudness of her voice. What dimension of behavior was the physical therapist recording? The instances or recordings are recorded and counted in order to establish how many times the behavior occurs, the rate at which she (Sherry) could maintain that level and finally the therapist used this dimension in order to record and examine how her performance varies over time. As it always said, â€Å"excess of everything is bad†, so does it is proved in the case of behavioral excess. Behavioral excess is the state where the intensity of the action has to be reduced to a desirable amount or range. For Example: A basic and quite explanatory example of behavioral excess is that of chain smokers. Their behavior to smoke rapidly is not only bad for

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Homework - Essay Example She feared about how she would go about her life if Marty got married. This is also emphasized by the words of her sister who is a widow when she sought Marty’s mother’s companionship. She asked what her sister would do if her son, Marty got married. Therefore, in addition, Marty’s mother also represents the old-aged loners, not only to the singles but separated, divorced or widowed wives as well who would know and understand the difficulties people with similar circumstances undergo. In response to this character, Marty’s mother became like his son in the story who bore the burden of having a family living with him/her. The woman also portrays the fears of those approaching their old age as they think about their children having their own families. They worry about who would take care of them when they would be sick or helpless. Perhaps for one reason, Marty’s mother agreed to the request of her sister because she made sense in saying that in case Marty were to marry, they would be there for each other. It is also possible that she considered her because she wants to do to others as she would want them to do, knowing that she is in a similar dire situation as her sister. It is ridiculous to consider how prejudiced people have been during the 1950s. I always thought that racism was the worst during those times but knowing about how people looked at unmarried men, it just strikes me as senseless. The portrayal of the relationship between Marty and Angie is an effect of the prejudice that happened during that time. Being single at an age when they were supposed to be raising children, perhaps Angie considered himself made for his male friends who had the same dilemma that is why he acted strangely towards Marty. It could also be possible that he felt jealous of Marty or threatened that soon, his friend will be leaving him when his relationship with Clara

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Research Paper - Essay Example The same is also the case with Mark Twain. The present paper aims to elucidate the life and contributions made by the distinguished nineteenth century American writer and humorist Mark Twain. The main objective behind making an investigating into the life of the author above-mentioned included the unveiling and acknowledging the great services rendered by this wonderful personality in the field of American literature, which has left a remarkable impact on the future writers, poets and humorists at large. In addition, second part of this study will elaborate two of the literary pieces created by Mark Twain by making the literary analyses of the same. Both the works selected for the present study appear to be contrary to each other in nature and scope, and portray two entirely divergent scenarios. Actually Twain maintains command over creating literary pieces in two entirely different ways as well as on absolutely divergent topics, which are present an unconditionally different scenari o from one another in nature and scope; it could be witnessed by going through his Two Ways of Seeing a River on the one side, and his Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court on the other. Part I: Samuel Langhorne Clemens alias as Mark Twain enjoys a respectable place among the list of the most talented writers and humorists the American soil has ever produced. By dint of his exceptional talent and dexterity to draw out the realities of life in both serious and comic manner, he has captured the attention and attraction of the readers belonging to various areas and regions of the world. Moreover, because of the universality of theme as well as depth of his ideas that his works still contain validity and significance, and are hence equally popular even this day as they had been popular during the nineteenth century in his life. Twain was born in Florida in November 1835 to Jane and John Marshall Clemens (Clemens 14). He was born only few days after the visit of Halley’ s Comet (New York Times 2009); consequently, the child was predicted to be a famous personality in his future years. Twain was sixth of the seven siblings, though only three of his siblings could survive adulthood (Autobiography 19). He lost his father in 1847 at the age of 11 (Autobiography 216), which left significant affect on his mind. However, the noteworthy author carried on his struggle to survive by first working as the apprentice to a printer, and later started working as contributor to the Hannibal Journal by developing humorous sketches of the prominent personalities since 1851 onward (Clemens 26). The Muscatine Newspaper published his eight stories by 1854-55, which turned out to be supportive for him to start his career as a professional writer. Like the renowned biologist-evolutionist of all times i.e. Sir Charles Darwin, the voyages also leave an indelible impact on the young Twain. It is predominantly the case with his voyage to New Orleans in 1856, where the pilot H orace Bixby encouraged him to embark upon the same profession, which could bring joys and adventures to his life along with offering him respectable and considerable earnings in the wake of it (Clemens 32). As a result, he decided to become the steamboat pilot that turned out to be supportive in respect of observing the ebbs and flows of the river life on the one side, and estimate the beauties the deep waters offer to man on the other. Twain obtained the professional diploma of steamboat

Contemporary Management Practices_Effective Leadership and Management Essay

Contemporary Management Practices_Effective Leadership and Management - Essay Example Tom Peters, one of the renowned researchers in the twenty first century argues that management deals with the arrangement of people and resources; while leadership takes care of organizations (Marbey, & Finch-lees, p. 20). Steve Jobs, the former Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc, is one of the modern managers who led and managed the company effectively. The leadership of Steve Jobs led to the rising of the share price of the company making it is the most expensive stock to purchase in the world. The relationship between leadership and management may be determined through the study of theories and practical techniques applied by Steve Jobs. Leadership Leadership is the act of determining the direction that others follow. Tom peters argues that leadership is the act of influencing people to achieve what they never imagined that they could accomplish (Saiti, 2012, p. 78). The researcher argues that influence is the most essential ingredient in leadership without which the act fails t o achieve its desired outcome. Efficient leadership takes place when the leader possesses essential characteristics such as integrity, courage, creativity, objectivity, competence, inspiration, and broad minded (Carter, 2004, p. 1). Courage enhances leaders to face their followers when addressing them; while integrity enhances them to treat others equally. Courage also enables leaders to pursue the goals that they create to help others achieve great dreams. This means that without courage, leadership may fail to achieve more than desirable outcomes. Objectivity enables efficient leaders to determine the right direction for their followers. Creativity and broad mindedness, on the other hand, enables leaders to formulate new techniques and methods of achieving certain goals. Steve Meyers argues that leaders can acquire all characteristics except intelligence through training and experience (Goulet, Jefferson, & Szwed, 2012, p. 84). This argument postulates that leadership may be inbor n and acquired at the same time. Cherrie Scott also argues that leaders are made in the world (Carter, 2004, p. 4). This means that a person who is interested in being a leader may attend training sessions and acquire the required skills to lead others. Leadership Theories There various theories of leadership that are classified into trait, behavioral, participative, and situational. Trait theories argue that leaders are born with characteristics, which include self confidence, dependence, assertion, dominance, and ambitious among others (Tompkins, 2005, p. 98). Leaders also possess skills such as fluent communication, persuasion, and creativity. According to this theory, a person who does not possess these characteristics is not an efficient leader (Sharma, & Grant, 2011, p. 10). Behavioral theories, on the other hand, argue that leaders may acquire desirable leadership skills and traits from the environment. An example of behavioral hypothesis is Theory X, which argues that employ ees are lazy and desire minimum work, and for this reason, a leader should coerce them to perform tasks using available techniques such as punishments (Arnold, 2012, p. 69). Participative leadership theories argue that leaders should be autocratic meaning that they should involve other in making decisions; while participative hypothesis postulates that directors are effective listeners of feedback and they act in response. This form of leadership is said to be democratic.

The Broadway Cafe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Broadway Cafe - Case Study Example One of the major significances of Porter’s five forces model is its ability to predict even the future challenges and opportunities of an organization. â€Å"Porter's 5 Forces tool is a powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation because it helps you understand both the strength of your current competitive position, and the strength of a position you're considering moving into† (Porter’s Five Forces, 2011) According to Michael Porter, Threat of new entrants, bargaining power of supplier, bargaining power of buyers, threats of substitute products, industry rivalry or competition etc are the five forces which shapes the present and future of an organization. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009). The figure given below illustrates the Porter’s five forces theory. (Porter’s Five Forces Model, 2009) In the given case study, Broadway cafe is struggling to survive in the current business climate, even though they had good business and reputation in the past. This is entirely because of the lack of modernizations undertaken in Broadway Cafe based on the changing trends in business and management. Broadway cafe is trying to operate their business with their older management and business methods which were big successes in the past. However, such older methods may not be successful at present because of the changing needs and life styles of the current customers. This paper analyses the given Broadway Cafe case study based on Porter’s five forces model and provide some suggestions for the rebuilding process of Broadway Cafe for the twenty first century. Analysis of Broadway Cafe with respect to Porter’s Five Forces Model According to Porter, substitute products are one of the major challenges for a product manufacturer or service provider. In his opinion, substitutes are those products which can offer a real alternative to a particular product. The Broadway cafe offers many different kinds of specialized coffees, teas, a full service bakery, and homemade sandwiches, soups, salads etc. All these products offered by Broadway cafe had a unique taste and identity in the food market earlier. However, the entry of new recipes and other food items caused big problems to Broadway cafe in recent times. The traditional food habits changed a lot and instead of the conventional restaurant or cafe items, fast foods conquered the food markets at present. Instead of nutritious people started to attract towards food items which offered greater tastes and convenience in usage. For example, the traditional food items like the Broadway’s homemade sandwiches, soups, salads etc have given way for fast food items from KFC, McDonald’s etc because of the greater tastes offered by these items. Threat of new entrants is the second factor which may affect the business of an organization according to Porter. Globalization and Liberalization have brought many new business groups to America and a substantial number of such new entrants are the restaurant groups from different countries. America is a country in which different people from different parts of the world are working and staying together. This diverse population may have their own preferences for food items and hence new food services companies find immense opportunities in America at present. It is easy for a foreign company to establish businesses in America at present because of the liberalized norms for establishing a business. Under such circumstances, Broadway cafe cannot survive in the market with the help of their traditional

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Interview Paper - Essay Example It is indispensable that the interview would assist in understanding criminal justice systems and its discretion. I interviewed Joseph S. Campbell, assistant director of criminal investigations division at FBI head offices in Washington, DC. James Comey, the director of FBI, appointed Campbell to act as assistant director of criminal investigation division on May 15, 2014. Mr. Campbell currently works at the department and ensures all criminal investigations cases remains duly addressed within the unit. Joseph S. Campbell have worked within criminal justice system since august 1990. Campbell started his career at the FBI as a special field agent. As an FBI’s special agent, Campbell reported to Chicago field office and conducted investigations relating to public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and drug issues. Campbell has worked within the criminal justice system as an FBI staff for approximately 24 years (FBI, 2014). Mr. Campbell has various responsibility as assistant director of FBI’s CID, a division with approximately 4,800 special field agents, 520 headquarter employees, and 300 intelligence analysts. Campbell oversees most of the divisions activities including conducting training programs for CID agents and managing various pertinent crises within the system. He ensures that the division remains relevant to mitigation of national security threats before they occur. In addition, to coordinating CID’s objectives and employee compliance, Campbell ensures elaborate and efficient management of investigative programs including public corruption, drug-related crime, and financial crime. He ensures that the entire CID system remains efficiently coordinated in conducting comprehensive investigation cases relating to violent crime or organized crime. In addition, Campbell provides directives for the aforementioned investigative programs and other

Contemporary Management Practices_Effective Leadership and Management Essay

Contemporary Management Practices_Effective Leadership and Management - Essay Example Tom Peters, one of the renowned researchers in the twenty first century argues that management deals with the arrangement of people and resources; while leadership takes care of organizations (Marbey, & Finch-lees, p. 20). Steve Jobs, the former Chief Executive Officer of Apple Inc, is one of the modern managers who led and managed the company effectively. The leadership of Steve Jobs led to the rising of the share price of the company making it is the most expensive stock to purchase in the world. The relationship between leadership and management may be determined through the study of theories and practical techniques applied by Steve Jobs. Leadership Leadership is the act of determining the direction that others follow. Tom peters argues that leadership is the act of influencing people to achieve what they never imagined that they could accomplish (Saiti, 2012, p. 78). The researcher argues that influence is the most essential ingredient in leadership without which the act fails t o achieve its desired outcome. Efficient leadership takes place when the leader possesses essential characteristics such as integrity, courage, creativity, objectivity, competence, inspiration, and broad minded (Carter, 2004, p. 1). Courage enhances leaders to face their followers when addressing them; while integrity enhances them to treat others equally. Courage also enables leaders to pursue the goals that they create to help others achieve great dreams. This means that without courage, leadership may fail to achieve more than desirable outcomes. Objectivity enables efficient leaders to determine the right direction for their followers. Creativity and broad mindedness, on the other hand, enables leaders to formulate new techniques and methods of achieving certain goals. Steve Meyers argues that leaders can acquire all characteristics except intelligence through training and experience (Goulet, Jefferson, & Szwed, 2012, p. 84). This argument postulates that leadership may be inbor n and acquired at the same time. Cherrie Scott also argues that leaders are made in the world (Carter, 2004, p. 4). This means that a person who is interested in being a leader may attend training sessions and acquire the required skills to lead others. Leadership Theories There various theories of leadership that are classified into trait, behavioral, participative, and situational. Trait theories argue that leaders are born with characteristics, which include self confidence, dependence, assertion, dominance, and ambitious among others (Tompkins, 2005, p. 98). Leaders also possess skills such as fluent communication, persuasion, and creativity. According to this theory, a person who does not possess these characteristics is not an efficient leader (Sharma, & Grant, 2011, p. 10). Behavioral theories, on the other hand, argue that leaders may acquire desirable leadership skills and traits from the environment. An example of behavioral hypothesis is Theory X, which argues that employ ees are lazy and desire minimum work, and for this reason, a leader should coerce them to perform tasks using available techniques such as punishments (Arnold, 2012, p. 69). Participative leadership theories argue that leaders should be autocratic meaning that they should involve other in making decisions; while participative hypothesis postulates that directors are effective listeners of feedback and they act in response. This form of leadership is said to be democratic.

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Interview Paper - Essay Example It is indispensable that the interview would assist in understanding criminal justice systems and its discretion. I interviewed Joseph S. Campbell, assistant director of criminal investigations division at FBI head offices in Washington, DC. James Comey, the director of FBI, appointed Campbell to act as assistant director of criminal investigation division on May 15, 2014. Mr. Campbell currently works at the department and ensures all criminal investigations cases remains duly addressed within the unit. Joseph S. Campbell have worked within criminal justice system since august 1990. Campbell started his career at the FBI as a special field agent. As an FBI’s special agent, Campbell reported to Chicago field office and conducted investigations relating to public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and drug issues. Campbell has worked within the criminal justice system as an FBI staff for approximately 24 years (FBI, 2014). Mr. Campbell has various responsibility as assistant director of FBI’s CID, a division with approximately 4,800 special field agents, 520 headquarter employees, and 300 intelligence analysts. Campbell oversees most of the divisions activities including conducting training programs for CID agents and managing various pertinent crises within the system. He ensures that the division remains relevant to mitigation of national security threats before they occur. In addition, to coordinating CID’s objectives and employee compliance, Campbell ensures elaborate and efficient management of investigative programs including public corruption, drug-related crime, and financial crime. He ensures that the entire CID system remains efficiently coordinated in conducting comprehensive investigation cases relating to violent crime or organized crime. In addition, Campbell provides directives for the aforementioned investigative programs and other

International Nurses in Canada Essay Example for Free

International Nurses in Canada Essay International Nurses in Canada Nurses play vital role in the person’s life. Nurses take care of health of all age group of Canadians and make the nation very healthy and wealthy. Nursing, as a career to both men and women offer varieties of opportunities for professional development and the personal satisfaction by helping people, when they really seek caring hand. Duties and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Ontario, Canada In Canada duties and responsibilities of nurses are well defined and listed with the emphasis on good ethics. The main duties of the Registered Nurses are as follows. Nurses assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions and provide medications and treatments according to policies and protocols . They collaborate with team members to plan, implement and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their relatives. They educate the patients and implement the institute policies for discharging patients. They assist surgeons, physicians in medical procedure or surgery and successfully monitor and operate medical equipments and supervise subordinates staff. (1. Employment Ontario). They maintain stock of supplies; prepare rooms, sterile instruments and equipments. They perform routine laboratory and office work. (2. Compassionate nursing care). In Ontario, there are two major groups in nursing profession. 1. Registered Nurse, 2. Registered Practical Nurse. The important differences between these two nursing professions are education and practice. RN requires studying a four year Bachelor of Nursing degree course and RPN requires studying, diploma program of four semesters. (3. RNAO). Working area of a nurse trained in Ontario, Canada A nurse trained in Canada can work in nearly 120 countries in the world. This is due to the Global nursing connections of Canadian Nursing Association with ICN (International Council Of Nursing). ICN is a federation of national nurses’ associations, representing nurses in more than 120 countries. CNA has very good leadership, which has represented ICN at various senior level for pretty long period. (4. CNA). Duties of a nurse in a Third World Country (ZAMBIA) Zambia is a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) and nursing profession is regulated by the Nurses and Midwives Act No. 31 of 1997. Unfortunately, Zambia is among the 57 countries identified by WHO as experiencing critical shortage nurses and doctors as they are changing their profession or migrating to other counties. (5-ZUNO, 2008). Nurses in Zambia are working in highly unsafe and poor occupational conditions. In Zambia HIV/AIDS and other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria are predominant. Due to the shortage of nursing staff, there is an overload of work on existing nurses. They work with inadequate protective clothing and instruments. They are offered very poor salary and deprived of basic needs of life. All these factors increase stress to nurses and deteriorate their physical, mental and financial condition. The nurses trained in Ontario can work in any part of the world, but the internationally trained nurse cannot work here as soon as they come here. At first glance this looks unpalatable and dominance of developed country over developing country and third world country. Here, the development in health care is very fast to keep the people healthy and provide faster recovery. So nurses will require keeping the pace with new technology and innovations. Nurses need to implement new health programs. Nurses need to work more independently. Nurses must be able to collaborate, the activities of the different disciplines for the patient’s benefit. Here, Nurses should be aware of consequences of ethical and legal issues, while treating the patient with their consent, relating nursing practice in the institute / hospital. (6. CNA). All these important information and knowledge are required before treating patients in Ontario. Above all, communication should also be fluent, to understand team members and patients. Because of these reasons, internationally trained nurses might not be able to work immediately, when they arrive here. Requirements for internationally trained nurse to be accepted in nursing profession They should be Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or authorized under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) and provide evidence of fluency in English / French. They should complete an acceptable nursing program, provide recent safe nursing practice, should successfully complete national nursing registration examination and provide registration or eligibility of registration in Ontario. They should provide Good character and clean criminal record from a Canadian Criminal Record. (7. CNO). Expenses to obtain Ontario Certification for internationally trained nurses Various Bridge Training programs are offered by Ontario government to internationally educated nursing professional to gain the knowledge and information needed to get license to do practise in Ontario. (8. Ontario Bridge Training). This study program is ranging between 2 to 4 semesters. The tuition fee for this study program is ranging between $ 12000 to $ 4400. After completion of this program they will have to pay,1. application fee,2. PLAR Fee,3. Examinatin fee,4,General class registration fee. The total comes $ 2457. 0. (9. CNO). These expenses are overwhelming for newcomers. Newcomers initially struggle to get the job to meet their daily expenses. How could they take care of expensive tuition fees and license fees with full time study? This system is very expensive for internationally trained nurse to get license and do the practise in Ontario.

Materials for Constructing a Multi-Storey Bulding

Materials for Constructing a Multi-Storey Bulding When dealing with a multi-storey building it is important to get the right materials as these materials will hold the structure together, the multi-storey building itself is very large and will be constantly in use as it is a hotel so the building will be subjected to different loads and situations. Loadings on beams, columns, frames, pads and floors can cause many structural differences the behave and performance of the material may change due to stress and strain on them, the materials I am going to look at are steel and concrete, these materials are used throughout the construction industry and loads on these materials are important as if the material is not up to the job and does not fulfil the need the beam, column, frame, pad or floor could collapse and cause many injuries and be a health and safety danger so it is important to use the materials in the right way. both materials steel and concrete have the advantages and disadvantages when used, when dealing with a multi-storey building it is important that the material can withstand the pressure it is put under so it would not collapse or break, if this does occur the knock on effect would result in the building to collapse and cause large injurys to civilians within and around the building, to stop this the materials which are used and put under a subject of tests such as being compressed and stretched rapidly any faults such as the material does not meet to the UK standard would be out lined and amended or discharged from use on site, this is also done for health and safety reasons. First looking at concrete it is used often through put construction it is used due to its durability and workability, to get to a workable mix the concrete needs to be cured and portioned first, it is important that the concrete meets the needs this could be the concrete is used to construct a concrete beam and this beam is put under a lot of loads; therefore the beam would need to be able to receive the load and distributed. Every material has Strength this is the ability of the material to resist the forces set up within them by the applied load, when a load is applied movement is made so therefore Stability is needed stability is the ability of the structure to resist overall movement, any load (force) tends to move to a downward direction for the material to keep to its state it should maintain a equilibrium this is done by the material resisting the equal and opposite force, any load that is applied is called a active force, this force can also be distributed this is when the load is applied over full length or area of a structural member this would be used in a pad foundation, also other loads may be called can be concentrated or point where the load is put to a single point or over a very restricted area this is used with conjunction of columns and beams. When the load is put to a material in a form of a beam, column, frame, pad or floor the structural material may be affected in the following ways: Stretch called the tensile force, tend to stretch the material Compress called the compressive force , which tends to squeeze a material Shear force when the force causes one part to slide past the other force which tends to make surfaces of a material slide. Torsional force causes the member to twist If the load is not distributed this can result in the beam could form cracks and collapse due to the load it is receiving this works in vise versa if the beam is being crushed for example the building could encounter an earth quake and the beam is being crushed the beam needs to withstand this to help keep the structure of the building; so therefore tests are made up such as a crushing test this is at the stage where the concrete is being made/ produced (mixing/curing), the concrete is mixed and cured (curing can take weeks) depending on the ratio used in the mix, the crushing test is the mix is set into cubes and at different curing stages, each cube is put under a load at which could be put on the multi-storey structure, once the results of each cube are collected the results are analysed and then a decision is made in which grade of concrete to work with for the build, the formula for the test is: These tests are made to find of the: Shear forces Bending moment Deflected shape Reactions at supports As you can see from the example I have given as time goes on the crunching load has increased, this shows that the concrete cube has become more diverse in strength by every week, from these crushing loads the different concrete grade can be used at different points in in construction. Stress is derived by dividing the load applied by the cross-sectional area of the member Stress (f) = Load/ Area = W/A= N/mm2 Strain is measured by dividing the change in length by the original length Strain = change in length Original length The purpose of beams, columns, frames, pads and floors are to: Resist loads imposed upon it. Transfer loads to the foundation. Provide vertical and lateral stability to the structure. Resist bending. A  Beam  is a horizontal structural member resting on  two  or more supports. Beams can be in many forms such as: Simply  supported   where the beam is resting on two supports. Fixed where the ends firmly built in and do not move Cantilever   where one is   firmly built in at one end and the other end is free Continuous   where the beam is resting on three or more supports. A  Column  is a vertical structural member used in the construction industry to transmit  imposed loads  to other members or to the foundation. Compression, Tension and Shear   When the force on a structural member stretches called the tensile force tends to stretch the material. When a force squashes or compresses the member, this is called compressive force , which tends to squeeze the material When the force causes one part to slide past the other force which tends to make surfaces of a material slide. This is called a shear force Bending, Buckling and Deflection this is most common in columns, columns are mostly made of concrete or steel due to their strength properties, timber may also be used but if a large load it put on the Colum buckling could occur (bend sideways).   A beam could be affected by defection if a large load is put on it, the beam could be made of either steel or timber.   A  bending moment  is occurs when the material resists a force this occurs with beams. concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, course aggregate and water when these are mixed at a good ratio to each other when set it will form a hard solid mass or artificial stone, there is a rule which is used in construction the greater the proportion of cement, the stronger strength of the aggregate , but the water content in the cement is important this process happens in curing the cement over a couple of weeks, as there is more water the cement may not be able to be at its full strength, due to the strength, workability and density of concrete it can be easily made and humans have the ability to create concrete with very specific properties, therefore this material is used allot in design and construction where the manufacture produces a mix when set concrete produced will have desired properties needed. The multi-storey building is made of concrete would consist of: Slabs Columns Shear walls Foundations Reinforced concrete suspended floors Ribbed floors Hollow pot floors Beams Precast concrete floors Concrete is easy to maintain, the first and up most important thing to do is to allow proper curing of the mix as this will allow maximum design characteristics of the concrete mix to be achieved, the concrete when set can be covered in a water resistance paint this will protect the set concrete from water as water is concretes worst enemy; if water sits on the concrete this can stain the surface, allow cracks to form and mold spores to develop making the concrete slippery, this could cause major defects in the construction itself,  the most important thing is to look at temperature when dealing with concrete as concrete can expand and contract, which can force cracking and leave the concrete exposed to increased water intrusion so if crakes do occur these should be filled in and dealt with straight away. Concrete helps to minimise the amount of energy that a building consumes and ensure that the building maintains a level of thermal comfort that is appropriate for its occupants. C oncrete helps buildings to achieve this, as a heavyweight material, concrete acts as a store (or buffer) during the heating season by utilising free heat gains, concrete can It can only be renewed if it is crushed down and grinned into sand. Steel is made up of alloy of iron and carbon, steel can be very useful to the industry of construction, it is used from protective shoes to large beams to small nails, the material is so versatile due to its melting and strengths properties but yet it is lightweight for easy handling this means economical shipping. Precise measurements can be taken meaning very precise cuts of steel can be made so less wastage is made, steel acts as Great protection against the worst weather conditions, Installation is fast and simple, Steel is also recyclable so it is environmentally friendly the steel can be easily malted down and re used for another purpose, to maintain steel it would need to be cleaned regularly and checked for any defeats, when using steel in construction it is important to take in account energy efficiency; if a whole home was built of steel it would be less energy efficient than a wooden house, insulation would be needed to keep in heat this is because metal transfers heat to a colder area more quickly than wood sometimes up to 400 times more rapidly steel studs can create a thermal bridge to the outside of the house, to stop this when the house is being constructed the steel can be warped in insulating board this would help to keep in heat and reduce the thermal bridge, but also one adv antage of steel is the fact that steel can be recycled with ease it can be melted down with not a lot of hassle and the steel can be used to make other things. The sustainability of steel is very good as this material allows, rapid construction on site (therefore reducing site activity) and disruption to neighbors, steel can be precut and delivered in so a system called just-in-time can be used this will reduce site congestion, steel structures are inherently adaptable and extendable, and also steel is multi-cyclable, being 100% recyclable without down cycling. Steel is located in the ground so it would need to be dug out to be used as it is made of carbon and iron, When it is all finished there will be no more. That is why recycling steel is so important. Steel is widely used in construction, due to its properties it is used for mostly columns frames , these would be made of entirely of steel; this is good as steel is very strong but when a load is but on steel from both ends such as a column the column could compress and buckling effect could happen, also if the load is great enough column could break (snap) .